mimetypes — Map filenames to MIME types¶Source code: Lib/mimetypes.py
The mimetypes module converts between a filename or URL and the MIME type
associated with the filename extension. Conversions are provided from filename
to MIME type and from MIME type to filename extension; encodings are not
supported for the latter conversion.
The module provides one class and a number of convenience functions. The functions are the normal interface to this module, but some applications may be interested in the class as well.
The functions described below provide the primary interface for this module. If
the module has not been initialized, they will call init() if they rely on
the information init() sets up.
mimetypes.guess_type(url, strict=True)¶Guess the type of a file based on its filename or URL, given by url. The
return value is a tuple (type, encoding) where type is None if the
type can’t be guessed (missing or unknown suffix) or a string of the form
'type/subtype', usable for a MIME content-type header.
encoding is None for no encoding or the name of the program used to encode
(e.g. compress or gzip). The encoding is suitable for use
as a Content-Encoding header, not as a
Content-Transfer-Encoding header. The mappings are table driven.
Encoding suffixes are case sensitive; type suffixes are first tried case
sensitively, then case insensitively.
The optional strict argument is a flag specifying whether the list of known MIME types
is limited to only the official types registered with IANA.
When strict is True (the default), only the IANA types are supported; when
strict is False, some additional non-standard but commonly used MIME types
are also recognized.
mimetypes.guess_all_extensions(type, strict=True)¶Guess the extensions for a file based on its MIME type, given by type. The
return value is a list of strings giving all possible filename extensions,
including the leading dot ('.'). The extensions are not guaranteed to have
been associated with any particular data stream, but would be mapped to the MIME
type type by guess_type().
The optional strict argument has the same meaning as with the guess_type() function.
mimetypes.guess_extension(type, strict=True)¶Guess the extension for a file based on its MIME type, given by type. The
return value is a string giving a filename extension, including the leading dot
('.'). The extension is not guaranteed to have been associated with any
particular data stream, but would be mapped to the MIME type type by
guess_type(). If no extension can be guessed for type, None is
returned.
The optional strict argument has the same meaning as with the guess_type() function.
Some additional functions and data items are available for controlling the behavior of the module.
mimetypes.init(files=None)¶Initialize the internal data structures. If given, files must be a sequence
of file names which should be used to augment the default type map. If omitted,
the file names to use are taken from knownfiles; on Windows, the
current registry settings are loaded. Each file named in files or
knownfiles takes precedence over those named before it. Calling
init() repeatedly is allowed.
Specifying an empty list for files will prevent the system defaults from being applied: only the well-known values will be present from a built-in list.
Changed in version 3.2: Previously, Windows registry settings were ignored.
mimetypes.read_mime_types(filename)¶Load the type map given in the file filename, if it exists. The type map is
returned as a dictionary mapping filename extensions, including the leading dot
('.'), to strings of the form 'type/subtype'. If the file filename
does not exist or cannot be read, None is returned.
mimetypes.add_type(type, ext, strict=True)¶Add a mapping from the MIME type type to the extension ext. When the extension is already known, the new type will replace the old one. When the type is already known the extension will be added to the list of known extensions.
When strict is True (the default), the mapping will be added to the
official MIME types, otherwise to the non-standard ones.
mimetypes.inited¶Flag indicating whether or not the global data structures have been initialized.
This is set to True by init().
mimetypes.knownfiles¶List of type map file names commonly installed. These files are typically named
mime.types and are installed in different locations by different
packages.
mimetypes.suffix_map¶Dictionary mapping suffixes to suffixes. This is used to allow recognition of
encoded files for which the encoding and the type are indicated by the same
extension. For example, the .tgz extension is mapped to .tar.gz
to allow the encoding and type to be recognized separately.
mimetypes.encodings_map¶Dictionary mapping filename extensions to encoding types.
mimetypes.types_map¶Dictionary mapping filename extensions to MIME types.
mimetypes.common_types¶Dictionary mapping filename extensions to non-standard, but commonly found MIME types.
An example usage of the module:
>>> import mimetypes
>>> mimetypes.init()
>>> mimetypes.knownfiles
['/etc/mime.types', '/etc/httpd/mime.types', ... ]
>>> mimetypes.suffix_map['.tgz']
'.tar.gz'
>>> mimetypes.encodings_map['.gz']
'gzip'
>>> mimetypes.types_map['.tgz']
'application/x-tar-gz'
The MimeTypes class may be useful for applications which may want more
than one MIME-type database; it provides an interface similar to the one of the
mimetypes module.
mimetypes.MimeTypes(filenames=(), strict=True)¶This class represents a MIME-types database. By default, it provides access to
the same database as the rest of this module. The initial database is a copy of
that provided by the module, and may be extended by loading additional
mime.types-style files into the database using the read() or
readfp() methods. The mapping dictionaries may also be cleared before
loading additional data if the default data is not desired.
The optional filenames parameter can be used to cause additional files to be loaded “on top” of the default database.
MimeTypes.suffix_map¶Dictionary mapping suffixes to suffixes. This is used to allow recognition of
encoded files for which the encoding and the type are indicated by the same
extension. For example, the .tgz extension is mapped to .tar.gz
to allow the encoding and type to be recognized separately. This is initially a
copy of the global suffix_map defined in the module.
MimeTypes.encodings_map¶Dictionary mapping filename extensions to encoding types. This is initially a
copy of the global encodings_map defined in the module.
MimeTypes.types_map¶Tuple containing two dictionaries, mapping filename extensions to MIME types:
the first dictionary is for the non-standards types and the second one is for
the standard types. They are initialized by common_types and
types_map.
MimeTypes.types_map_inv¶Tuple containing two dictionaries, mapping MIME types to a list of filename
extensions: the first dictionary is for the non-standards types and the
second one is for the standard types. They are initialized by
common_types and types_map.
MimeTypes.guess_extension(type, strict=True)¶Similar to the guess_extension() function, using the tables stored as part
of the object.
MimeTypes.guess_type(url, strict=True)¶Similar to the guess_type() function, using the tables stored as part of
the object.
MimeTypes.guess_all_extensions(type, strict=True)¶Similar to the guess_all_extensions() function, using the tables stored
as part of the object.
MimeTypes.read(filename, strict=True)¶Load MIME information from a file named filename. This uses readfp() to
parse the file.
If strict is True, information will be added to list of standard types,
else to the list of non-standard types.
MimeTypes.readfp(fp, strict=True)¶Load MIME type information from an open file fp. The file must have the format of
the standard mime.types files.
If strict is True, information will be added to the list of standard
types, else to the list of non-standard types.
MimeTypes.read_windows_registry(strict=True)¶Load MIME type information from the Windows registry. Availability: Windows.
If strict is True, information will be added to the list of standard
types, else to the list of non-standard types.
New in version 3.2.