Hi Matteo
Sure, he goes:
1) The entire game engine was written, tested and debugged in Pythonista on my iPhone. I combined this code with the Pythonista App Template (https://github.com/omz/PythonistaAppTemplate). The app template contains a version of Pythonista as a library which run your python code within Xcode. I had to do a small amount of debugging in Xcode to cope with some small differences between the version of pythonista in the template (which seems a little old) and the latest version of pythonista. I also extended the template a little to accommodate in-app purchases.
2) Yes you definitely need a mac to upload to the App store. There is no way round this as this is the way apple have designed it. There are ways to distribute python code to other pythonista users by making your code open source. An example is stash (shell for pythonista) see https://github.com/ywangd/stash. Stash is installed by cutting and pasting some simple commands into pythonista.
3) Pythonista apps are probably always going to be a little bit on the big side. The pythonistakit library itself is 50mb. There is also a feature of the pythonista template which copies your code and files to a writable directory (in case you code needs to change them). This has the effect of roughly doubling the size of your app (this is the documents and data that you allude to). In my case most of the 100Mb is music files as MapMan has about 40minutes of original music, the rest is images and a very small amount is the actual source code. I think a bare bones pythonista yellow world app would be about 50-60mb. The pythonista template itself contains a hello world example.
4) I think my pure python code is very small i.e. well under 1Mb. The compile pythonistakit is around 50Mb. There are also various python modules that are bundled as standard in the template, but these can be deleted if your app doesn't use them.
Note also there are a few pitfalls with the template owing to Apple's submission policy, I would in particular flag this discussion on the forum: https://forum.omz-software.com/topic/3744/xcode-template-for-pythonista/25?page=2. I got it working, but it did take a bit of fiddling.
Cheers
Peter