As I understand it, the main functionality of curses is manipulating a traditional terminal display's properties, such as cursor position, text color and style, whether keyboard input is echoed, etc. The Pythonista console is not very similar to a "real" terminal or even a terminal emulator like cmd.exe, Terminal.app or xterm. The Pythonista console displays continuous rich text output and has a separate input text field. Terminals are based on a grid of monospace characters and a freely moving cursor, which may be used for normal text I/O, but can also be modified arbitrarily. It would be very difficult to emulate curses in the normal Pythonista console without some major redesigning (which I would not find very useful IMHO).
Recent versions of stash provide limited terminal emulation, most importantly cursor movement detection (for more advanced features than basic line editing) and understanding of ANSI escape codes for text formatting.
If you want to write a program that runs well on Pythonista and normal computers, then you're basically stuck with command-line arguments, print, raw_input and getpass.getpass for user interaction. Advanced terminal features aren't supported by Pythonista itself, and none of the major desktop GUI frameworks are available for iOS (let alone Pythonista) either.