24. Debugging and Profiling

These libraries help you with Python development: the debugger enables you to step through code, analyze stack frames and set breakpoints etc., and the profilers run code and give you a detailed breakdown of execution times, allowing you to identify bottlenecks in your programs.

• 24.1. bdb — Debugger framework
• 24.2. pdb — The Python Debugger
• 24.3. Debugger Commands
• 24.4. The Python Profilers
  • 24.4.1. Introduction to the profilers
  • 24.4.2. Instant User’s Manual
  • 24.4.3. What Is Deterministic Profiling?
  • 24.4.4. Reference Manual – profile and cProfile
    • 24.4.4.1. The Stats Class
  • 24.4.5. Limitations
  • 24.4.6. Calibration
  • 24.4.7. Extensions — Deriving Better Profilers
• 24.5. timeit — Measure execution time of small code snippets
  • 24.5.1. Basic Examples
  • 24.5.2. Python Interface
  • 24.5.3. Command-Line Interface
  • 24.5.4. Examples
• 24.6. trace — Trace or track Python statement execution
  • 24.6.1. Command-Line Usage
    • 24.6.1.1. Main options
    • 24.6.1.2. Modifiers
    • 24.6.1.3. Filters
  • 24.6.2. Programmatic Interface